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词句精练

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英语笔记
Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 知识点梳理
发布日期:2025-11-04 11:10:39
来源:新概念英语3

一、单词精讲

(一)equal(v. 等于,与… 相等;adj. 同等的)

  1. 动词用法
    • 核心含义:表示数学计算结果,如几加几、几乘几等于几。
    • 例句:Two plus two equals four.(二加二等于四。)
    • 注意事项:equal 是及物动词,后面不需要加介词。
  2. 形容词用法(核心短语 be equal to)
    • ① 与… 相等、等同于(用法近似 equal 作动词):
      The rent is equal to half his monthly income.(这租金相当于他半个月的收入。);同义表达为 The rent equals half his monthly income.
    • ② 胜任:I’m not sure he’s equal to the task.(我吃不准他是否有能力胜任这项工作。)
    • ③ 比得上:The architecture here is equal to any in the world.(这里的建筑堪与世界上任何同类建筑相媲美。)

(二)vicar(n. 牧师)

  1. 词义特点:多指英国国教的牧师,美国的牧师通常用 priest 表示。
  2. 关联词汇:priest(美 /priːst/,英 /priːst/,n. 牧师,神父)

(三)raise(v. 举起;提高(数量、水平);筹款)

  1. 核心逻辑:词义多围绕 “提升” 展开。
  2. 具体含义及用法
    • 举起、抬起、升起:常见搭配如 raise one’s hand(举手)、raise one’s eyes(抬眼)。
    • 提高(数量、水平)
      例句:Next, the federal government would raise taxes.(接下来,联邦政府将提高税收。)【The New York Times】
    • 筹款:可理解为 “提高资金的总量”,常见搭配有 raise money/fund(筹集资金)、raise money/fund for sth(为某事而筹钱);
      例句:We could not raise enough money for traveling around the world.(我们筹不到足够的钱去环游世界。)
  3. 易混词辨析(raise vs rise)
    • raise:及物动词,通常接宾语,可用于主动或被动语态,如 The salary was raised by the company.(工资被公司提高了。)
    • rise:不及物动词,不接宾语,一般用于主动语态,如 Prices are rising rapidly.(价格快速上涨。)

(四)strike(v. 敲钟;划(火柴);突然想到;罢工)

  1. 核心逻辑:动词词义多围绕 “敲、打” 展开,过去式和过去分词均为 struck。
  2. 具体含义及用法
    • 敲钟、报时:常见搭配如 strike + 数字(钟敲了几下,即几点)、strike the hour(整点报时);
      例句:It would strike twelve in twenty minutes’ time.
      (再过 20 分钟,大钟将敲响 12 下。)【新二 L9】
    • 划(火柴):搭配 strike a match;
      例句:She struck a match and lit another cigarette.
      (她划了根火柴,又点燃了一支香烟。)
    • 突然想到:常用句型 It strikes/struck sb that…(某人突然意识到…);
      例句:It struck her that losing the company might be the least of her worries.
      (她突然意识到失去公司或许是她最不担心的一件事。)
    • 罢工:常出现于新闻报道,搭配 strike for(为了… 而罢工);
      例句:Hundreds of thousands in the public sector are threatening to strike for a 15% rise too.
      (数十万公共部门的员工也威胁要罢工,要求加薪 15%。)【The Economist】

(五)damage(n./v. 损坏,破坏)

  1. 词性特点:既可作名词也可作动词,常出现于新闻中。
  2. 具体用法
    • 名词
      例句:She said they were more nervous about damage to their reputations than workers’ rights.
      (她说,他们更担心自己的声誉受损,而不是工人的权利。)【The Guardian】
    • 动词
      例句:It can damage your physical and mental health, relationships, education and employment.
      (它会损害你的身心健康、人际关系、教育和就业。)【The Guardian】
  3. 易混词辨析(damage vs destroy vs ruin)
    • damage:指局部的或可以修复的损坏。
    • destroy:指某物损坏到不能修复的地步;例句:They’ve destroyed all the evidence.(他们销毁了一切证据。)
    • ruin:指彻底的毁坏,侧重于长期损坏的结果;例句:This illness has ruined my life.(这个病毁掉了我的生活。)

(六)start(n./v. 突然一惊)

  1. 具体用法
    • 名词:搭配 with a start(伴随着惊吓);
      例句:She woke from the dream with a start.(她猛地一惊,从梦中醒来。)
    • 动词:搭配 start at sth(被… 吓了一跳);
      例句:He started at the sudden noise.(他被突如其来的声音吓了一跳。)

(七)torchlight(n. 手电筒的光)

  1. 构成逻辑:torch(手电筒)+ light(光)= torchlight(手电筒的光),同类复合词还有 sunlight(sun + light,日光)、candlelight(candle + light,烛光)。
  2. 常用搭配:in the torchlight(借着手电筒的光);
    例句:She glimpsed his face in the torchlight.(借着手电筒的光,她瞥见了他的脸。)

(八)catch sight of(短语,看见)

  1. 核心含义:指突然看见、瞥见,侧重于动态,与 see(指长时间看某物,侧重于静态)形成对比。
  2. 例句
    • catch sight of:She caught sight of a car in the distance.(她瞥见远处有一辆车。)
    • see:From the window we could see the children playing in the yard.(从窗户看去,我们可以看见孩子们在院子里玩耍。)
  3. 关联短语
    • lose sight of(看不见):Don’t try to walk in a heavy snowstorm as you may lose sight of your vehicle.(暴风雪中不要下车走路,因为你可能会看不到自己的车子。)
    • out of one’s sight(看不见):I dare not let the children out of my sight in the park.(在公园里,我不敢让孩子们离开我的视线。)

(九)figure(n. 人影;身材;数字)

  1. 具体含义及用法
    • 人影:通常用于距离较远、看不太清的情况;
      例句:I could see two tall figures in the distance.(我能看见远处两个高高的人影。)
    • 身材:由 “人影” 含义引申而来;
      例句:She keeps a good figure.(她身材保持得很好。)
    • 数字:尤其指官方资料中的数字,常出现在新闻报道中;
      例句:The figure was compiled by Johns Hopkins University in the United States.(这个数据是美国约翰霍普金斯大学统计得出的。)【BBC】

二、翻译练习

  1. 这个房间的面积等于两个卧室的总和,足够容纳十个人同时开会。(涉及单词:equal,动词 “等于”)
    The area of this room,which can hold/accomodate ten people for a meeting at the same time.,equals the total of two bedrooms.
  2. 他凭借丰富的项目经验,完全能胜任这个部门主管的职位,领导团队完成目标。(涉及单词:equal,形容词,搭配 “be equal to” 表 “胜任”)
    With rich project experience,he is rqual to the position of department director and can lead the team to achieve goals。
  3. 英国国教的牧师每周日都会在教堂主持礼拜,为信徒们提供精神指引。(涉及单词:vicar)
    The vicar of the church of England holds a service in the church every Sunday to spiritual guidance for Believers.
  4. 为了帮助山区贫困学生,学校计划举办一场慈善义卖活动,筹集资金购买学习用品(school supply)。(涉及单词:raise,表 “筹款”)
    The school plans to hold a charity bazaar,which is to help poor students in mountainous areas, and raise money for school supplies.
  5. 随着生活成本不断上涨,许多家庭不得不调整开支,减少不必要的消费。(涉及单词:raise,易混词对比 “rise”,此处表 “上涨”)
    As the cost of living keeps rising, many families have to adjust their expenses (in order) to reduce unnecessary consumption.
  6. 当教堂的大钟敲响十二下时,广场上的人们齐声欢呼,庆祝新年的到来。(涉及单词:strike,表 “敲钟、报时”)
    When the church bell struck twelve, people in the square cheered in unison,celebrating the arrival of the Ne Year.
    When the church bell struck twelve, people in the square cheered in unison to celebrate the arrival of the Ne Year.
  7. 她划了一根火柴点燃蜡烛,昏暗的房间里瞬间有了一丝光亮。(涉及单词:strike,表 “划(火柴)”)
    She struck a match to light the candle, which then instantly lit up the dim room.
  8. 他突然意识到,自己之前忽略的那个细节,可能是解决这个问题的关键。(涉及单词:strike,搭配句型 “It strikes sb that…”)
    It strikes him that the detail had been overlooked earlier might be the key to solving this problem.
  9. 这场暴雨导致部分房屋屋顶受损,但幸运的是没有人员受伤,损失相对较小。(涉及单词:damage,表 “损坏”)
    The heavy rain caused damage to the roofs of some houses,but the loss was relatively small,with no one injured fortunately.
  10. 她被窗外突然传来的玻璃破碎声吓了一跳,手里的杯子差点掉在地上。(涉及单词:start,表 “突然一惊”)
    she started at the sudden sound of broken glass from outside the window and nearly dropped the cup in her hand to the ground.
  11. 借着手电筒的光,消防员在废墟中仔细搜寻,希望能找到幸存者。(涉及单词:torchlight)
    in the torchlight,firefighters searched carefully in the ruins,hoping to find survivors.
  12. 她在拥挤的人群中瞥见了多年未见的老同学,赶紧挥手打招呼。(涉及单词:catch sight of)
    She caught sight of her old classmate whom she hadn't seen for years in the crowded crowd and quickly waved to greet him.
  13. 由于浓雾弥漫,司机很快就看不见前方的车辆,只好减速慢行。(涉及单词:catch sight of 关联短语 “lose sight of”)
    Due to the thick fog, the driver soon lose sight of the vehicles ahead and had to slow down.
  14. 远处那个模糊的人影慢慢向我们走来,走近后才发现是隔壁邻居。(涉及单词:figure,表 “人影”)
  15. 她坚持每天锻炼,合理饮食,多年来一直保持着匀称健康的身材。(涉及单词:figure,表 “身材”)
  16. 这份报告中的数据显示,近五年该地区的空气质量一直在稳步改善。(涉及单词:figure,表 “数字、数据”)