例句:“3 men killed in Cobb County golf course shooting; suspect still at large, police say”, 翻译为 “科布县高尔夫球场枪击案中有三人遇难,警方称疑犯仍在逃”
用法:需位于名词后面,作为介词短语作定语,通常用于被修饰的名词之后
(三)spot(v. 看出,发现;n. 地点,斑点,污渍)
核心特点:既可以作名词,也可以作动词,含义均围绕 “点” 展开
名词用法
表地点:可表示 “地点、场所”,尤指用来休闲的地方,常见搭配 “beauty spot”(风景点)。 例句:“I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot.” 翻译为 “我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老小镇上。这是一个著名的风景胜地。”(出自新一 L143)
表污渍:可指衣物上的污迹、污渍。 例句:“His jacket was covered with spots of mud.” 翻译为 “他的上衣满是泥点。”
表斑点 / 痘痘:可指皮肤毛发上的斑斑点点,或脸上的痘痘、痣。 例句1:“a white cat with brown spots” (带褐色斑点的白猫) 例句2:“teenagers worried about their spots” (为长粉刺而烦恼的青少年)
固定搭配 “on the spot”: ①表示 “在现场” “an on the spot report”(现场报道) “An ambulance was on the spot within minutes.”(救护车几分钟便赶到现场。); ②表示 “immediately”(当场、当下) “He had to make a decision on the spot.”(他得马上作出决定。)
动词用法:表示在很宽广的地方看到一点或者突然看到一个东西,即 “看出、发现”,更侧重于看出和发现那些突然出现的以及不易察觉的人或东西。 例句:“a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London”
(四)evidence(n. 证据)
词性特点:通常只作不可数名词,若要表示 “一项证据”,需使用 “piece” “The study produced one interesting piece of evidence.”(此项研究产生了一项有趣的证据。)
常用句型:表示 “有证据” 或 “没证据”,常用 “there be” 句型,即 “there is evidence /there is no evidence”,后接 “that” 从句或 “for、of” 结构
后接 “that” 从句: “There is now clear evidence that these chemicals are damaging the environment.” (现有证据清楚地表明这些化学品正在破坏环境。) “evidence” 前可搭配 “clear、strong、good” 等形容词,表示 “清晰有力度的” 证据
后接动词不定式 “to do”: “There is no scientific evidence to suggest that drinking green tea alone can lead to significant weight loss.” (没有科学证据表明,单独喝绿茶可以使体重明显下降。) “scientific evidence”(科学证据)后常搭配动词不定式 “to do”
后接 “for sth”: “There is no evidence for these claims.”(这些说法没有根据。) 即 “there is no evidence for sth” 表示 “…… 没有根据”
(五)accumulate(v. 积累,积聚)
及物动词用法:表示 “积累”,一般以人作主语。 例句:“As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend more.” (人们积累了更多财富后,他们的花费也往往会增加。)
不及物动词用法:表示 “逐渐增加、逐渐增长”,通常以物作主语。 例句:“However, as the evidence began to accumulate…” (可是,随着证据越来越多…)
扩展名词:“accumulation”(积累),如 “the accumulation of wealth”(财富的积累)
(六)oblige(v. 迫使,使… 感到必须)
搭配 “oblige sb to do sth”:表示按照义务或通过法律来强迫某人做某事。 例句:“The law obliges companies to pay decent wages to their employees.”(法律强制公司向其雇员支付适当的工资。)
搭配 “be /feel obliged to do sth”:表示 “使… 感到必须”。 例句:“Experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate.”(动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查。)
与 “force” 的区别:“oblige” 强调的是道德、法律或者责任的需要促使某人做某事,或者特定情况下被迫作出的反应; 若表示用个人意志、权威强迫某人做其不想做的事情,则不能用 “oblige”,需用 “force”。 例句:“No one can force you to stay in a job that you hate.”(没有人能够让你继续做你不喜欢的工作。)
(七)corner(v. 使走投无路,使陷入困境;n. 角落或街角)
名词用法:表示 “角落或街角”
动词搭配 “back /force/push sb into a corner”:表示 “把某人逼到角落里、逼入困境”。 例句:“Don't let your enemies back you into a corner.”(别让你的敌人把你逼入困境。)
动词用法:表示 “把别人逼到角落退无可退”,即 “使走投无路,使陷入困境”。 例句:“A police car chased his car twelve miles, and cornered him near Rome.”(一辆警车跟在他的车后追了 12 英里,最后在快到罗马时将他截住。); 更常见被动用法,如 “A puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.”(美洲狮除非被逼得走投无路,是决不会伤人的。)
新闻用语:“corner the market”(垄断市场),表示 “垄断某个领域的市场”,需用介词 “in”,即 “corner the market in + 领域”。 例句:“And last year US authorities announced an investigation into members of BP‘s gas trading team for trying to corner the market in butane.” (去年,美国当局宣布对 BP 石油公司贸易团队的成员进行调查,原因是他们试图垄断丁烷市场。)
(八)cling(v. 粘,附着)
变形特点:过去式和过去分词均为不规则变化 “clung”
搭配 “cling to sth”
表示 “粘在、贴在某物之上”。 例句:“The wet shirt clung to his chest.”(湿衬衫紧贴在他的胸口。) “Puma fur was found clinging to bushes.”(灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。) 此处 “clinging to bushes” 为现在分词,放在名词后边起到补充说明的作用(即主补)
表示 “紧紧抓住、抱住或紧握某物”,“to” 前可加 “on”。 例句:“She clung on to her baby.”(她紧紧抱住她的孩子。)
搭配 “cling together”:后面不再加名词,表示 “紧紧抱在一起”。 例句:“They clung together, shivering with cold.”(他们紧紧地抱在一起,冷得直发抖。)
引申义:表示 “坚持某事,不放弃某事”,通常和 “hope”(希望)、“belief”(信念)等名词搭配。 例句:“He clung to the hope that she would be cured.”(他一直抱着她会治愈的希望。)
(九)convince(v. 说服,使相信)
属性特点:考试高频词,新闻报刊常用词
被动语态 “sb be convinced + that 从句”:表示 “某人相信……”。 例句1:“They‘re convinced that their work is so important.” (他们相信他们的工作是非常重要的。); 例句2:“It's useless trying to convince her (that) she doesn’t need to lose any weight.”(对应的主动语态为 “convince sb + that 从句”) (要让她相信她不需要减肥是徒劳的。)
搭配 “be convinced of sth”:表示 “相信、深信某事”。 例句1:“I'm not convinced of that, and I don't think the public is convinced of that.” (我不相信这一点,我认为公众也不相信这一点。) 例句2: “He managed to convince the jury of his innocence.”(对应的主动语态为 “convince sb of sth”(使某人相信某事)) (他使陪审团相信他是无辜的。)
搭配 “convince sb to do sth”:表示 “说服某人去做某事”。 例句:“Can you convince everyone to embrace change?” (你能说服大家接受变革吗?)
扩展形容词:“convincing”(令人信服的、有说服力的), “a convincing argument /explanation”(有说服力的论点 / 解释) “She sounded very convincing to me.”(我觉得她的话很有说服力)
(十)disturb(v. 打扰,令⼈不安)
表 “打扰”:使用范围较广,可指打扰生活、工作等。 例句1:“Do not disturb.”(请勿打扰。) 例句2:“I'm sorry to disturb you, but can I talk to you for a moment?”(对不起,打扰你一下,我能跟你谈一会儿吗?)
表 “令⼈不安”:指某件事情打扰到某人,让某人烦⼼焦虑。 例句2:“The letter shocked and disturbed me.”(这封信使我感到震惊和不安。); 常用句型 “It disturbs /disturbed sb…” 例句1:“It disturbed her to realize that she was alone.”(她意识到自己孤单一人,心里感到很不安。)
表 “弄乱”:“disturb sth” 表示 “把…… 弄乱、搞乱”。 例句:“Don't disturb the papers on my desk.”(不要弄乱我桌上的文件。)
扩展形容词:“disturbing”(令人不安的,引起恐慌的) “a disturbing piece of news”(一则令人不安的消息) “It is disturbing to think that…”(想到…… 真令⼈担⼼)
二、翻译练习
运动品牌彪马的标志是一只跳跃的美洲狮,非常有辨识度。 The logo of the sports brand puma is a leaping puma,which is highly recognizable.
警方发布公告称,这名涉嫌盗窃的嫌疑人目前仍在逃,市民若有线索可及时举报。 The police issues an announcement saying that the suspect involved in theft is still at large,and citizens report in time if they have the clues.
在这片广阔的草原上,向导很快就发现了远处几只正在饮水的羚羊。 On this vast glassland,the guide quickly spotted several antelopes drinking water in the distance.
这个小镇风景优美,有山有水,是当地有名的风景胜地,每到周末都吸引很多游客。 This small twon has beautiful scenery with water and mountains.It is a famous local beauty spot and attracts many tourists every weekend.
研究人员找到了新的证据,证明这种植物提取物对改善睡眠有一定帮助。 Searchers have found the new evidence that this plant extract is helpful for improving sleep.(注:句中的 that 引导的是同位语从句)
随着时间的推移,他在工作中积累了丰富的经验,现在已经能独立处理复杂的项目了。 As time goes by,he has accumulated rich experience in his work and can now handle complex projects independently.
法律规定,用人单位有义务为员工缴纳社会保险,保障员工的合法权益。 Laws obliges employer to pay social insurance for their employees and to protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees.
面对对方的连续追问,他逐渐陷入困境,无法再掩盖自己之前说谎的事实。 Faced with the other party's continuous questioning,he gradually force himself into a corner and could no longer cover up the fact that he had lied before.
孩子紧紧抓住妈妈的手,不敢独自走进漆黑的楼道。 The child clung on to his mother's hand and dare not walk into the dark corridor along.
他用详实的数据和清晰的逻辑,成功说服了评委们相信他的方案是可行的。 With detailed data and clear logic,he convinced the judges of his plan being feasible
深夜突然响起的电话铃声打扰了全家人的休息,大家都显得有些烦躁。 The whole family seemed a little irritable because their rest was disturbed by the sudden ring of the phone in the middle of the night